Mineral Wealth of Pakistan

Pakistan is endowed with a rich variety of mineral resources of significant economic value. The country possesses extensive coal reserves, estimated to be over 186 billion tons, ranging from lignite to bituminous quality, with the Thar Coalfield being particularly notable. The Reko Diq mine in Balochistan is one of the world's largest copper-gold deposits, holding around 5.9 billion tons of ore with high concentrations of copper and gold. Natural gas reserves stand at approximately 19.9 trillion cubic feet, and oil reserves are about 309 million barrels, both of good quality. Iron ore reserves are estimated at 1.3 billion tons, with varying grades, including high-grade deposits in Punjab. Gypsum, limestone, and salt reserves are abundant, with high-purity gypsum in the Khewra Salt Range and high-quality limestone across the country. Pakistan also boasts significant gemstone deposits in the northern regions, producing high-quality emeralds, rubies, and sapphires. Chromite is found in high grades in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while extensive deposits of high-quality marble and granite are found in several regions. Efficient exploration and sustainable extraction practices are crucial for maximizing the potential of these mineral resources while mitigating environmental impacts.